This technique, and the concept of miniatures, can be seen in the Medieval illuminated manuscripts as well. After that, the image would be filled with colors. Portraits, which are often in profile, are found to have been painted in the midst of a manuscript’s text according to the ‘Egyptian method.’ Using this method, artists would have first drawn the outline of the desired image in black. Some scholars believe that the origins of this art can be traced back to Egypt. (Bottom left) Part of the Book of the Dead of Pinedjem II. (Right) Folio 125r containing 12 scenes from the Passion of Christ.
(Top left) A page form the Vatican’s ‘Virgil’ ( Public Domain ).
Some examples include: The Vatican’s ‘Virgil’, which has 50 miniatures, the Bible of Quedlinburg, which contains the most ancient Christian miniatures known today, as well as some papyri from Egypt. Thus, the earliest surviving samples of illuminated manuscripts are from the 4th and 5th centuries AD. Although historians of the past have written of their existence, there are no available examples of such manuscripts from this period of history known today. For example, portraits were sometimes painted onto texts. Painted ornaments found in the illuminated manuscripts were first introduced as miniatures in Rome as early as the 1st century BC.
Early Examples of Illuminated Manuscripts There are also examples of illuminated manuscripts with odd additions such as jousting animals, penis trees, and bizarre creatures added to the margins. In addition, there are a few surviving manuscripts from the Late Antique period which have illuminations in them. Nevertheless, the concept of, and the techniques used for, the production of the illuminations were introduced at a much earlier period of time. These documents are perhaps most commonly associated with the European Middle Ages. Illuminated manuscripts are manuscripts that are covered with painted ornaments presented under several forms.
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